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空分18000Nm3/h纯氮装置流程的稳态及动态模拟SteadyandDynamicSimulationfortheAirSeparationProcesswith18000Nm3/hofN2学科专业：化学工程作者姓名：李苏巧指导教师：唐忠利副教授天津大学化工学院二零一三年六月独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得天津大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名：签字日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解天津大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权天津大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明）学位论文作者签名：导师签名：签字日期：年月日签字日期：年月日摘要空气分离装置主要用来分离空气中的氧气、氮气和氩气。由于空分产品在石油、化工、冶金、医药等各行各业被广泛应用，因此是具有广阔发展前景的行业。目前，空气分离技术应用较多的还是深冷技术。整个系统中各股物流和能流相互影响，物料与能量交换复杂。实现对空气分离系统准确地进行模拟计算，对于空分装置的设计与指导实际生产操作具有重要意义。近年来，随着商用化工流程模拟软件，如AspenPLUS、AspenHYSYS、PROII和ChemCAD等的不断发展与广泛应用，对空分流程进行稳态模拟优化以及流程设计已达到非常成熟的地步。但是空分过程的动态模拟也有其实际意义，既可考察控制方案、对生产过程中出现波动后的调整方向进行预测，又可用于开工过程的培训和指导以节省开工时间、降低消耗。就作者的了解，目前对空分过程的动态模拟研究的报道较少。本文采用HYSYS软件对空分18000Nm3/h纯氮装置的流程进行稳态及动态模拟。该流程由空气过滤系统、空气压缩机系统、空气预冷系统、空气净化系统和空气分离系统组成。首先，对制氮装置中的空气压缩机系统和空气分离系统进行稳态的模拟与计算，确定稳态过程中的各个操作参数及产品产量。其次，确定流程中LNG换热器和精馏塔的设备参数并对其做动态模拟与研究。1）对流程中的板翅式换热器采用AspenMUSE进行层排列（layerbylayer）设计，确定各流股在换热器内部的通道排列次序、换热器的尺寸和各流股的进出口位置。根据所得结果将换热器进行分区，使用HYSYS对板翅式换热器进行动态模拟，并对板翅式换热器内部传热进行分析。2）确定精馏塔的设备参数和控制方案，对精馏塔进行动态模拟，研究进料量波动对精馏塔产品产量与质量的影响，并检验所选控制方案的有效性。最后，对空气分离系统进行动态模拟，研究进料量和进料压力波动对系统稳定性的影响。关键词：空分，HYSYS，稳态模拟，动态模拟，板翅式换热器ABSTRACTAirseparationunithasbeenmainlyemployedtoseparatetheoxygen,nitrogenandargonintheair.Duetothebroadapplicationofairseparationproductsinthepetroleum,chemicalengineering,metallurgy,pharmaceuticalindustryandsoon,theairseparationunithasbecomeanindustrywithbroaddevelopmentprospects.Atpresent,themostcommonlyusedtechnologytoseparatecomponentsintheairisthecryogenictechnology.Thestreamsinthesysteminterrelateandinteractwitheachotherandthemassandenergyexchangeiscomplicated.Toimplementtheaccuratesimulationofairseparationprocessisofgreatimportanceforthedesignoftheprocessandtoguidetheproductionoperation.Inrecentyears,withthecontinuousdevelopmentandthewidespreadapplicationofchemicalprocesssimulationsoftwares,likeAspenPLUS,AspenHYSYS,PROIIandChemCAD,thesteadystatesimulationandoptimizationdesignfortheairseparationprocesshavebeenverymature.However,thedynamicsimulationoftheairseparationprocessisalsomeaningful.Thedynamicsimulationcaninvestigatethecontrolsystemoftheunitandpredicttheadjustmentdirectionafterasurgehasoccurredintheprocessaswellastrainandmentorthestart-upprocesstosavethestart-uptimeandreduceconsumption.Accordingtotheauthor’sknowledge,therearefewreportsaboutthedynamicsimulationoftheairseparationprocess.HYSYSwasemployedtodothesteadyanddynamicsimulationfortheairseparationprocesswith18000Nm3/hofN2.Theprocessismadeupoffivesystems:theyareairfiltrationsystem,aircompressorsystem,airprecoolingsystem,airpurificationsystemandairseparationsystem.First,thesteadystatesimulationwasdonefortheaircompressorsystemandtheairseparationsystem,theoperationparametersandtheoutputoftheproductsweredetermined.Second,theLNGexchangeranddistillationcolumnparametersweredeterminedandthendynamicsimulationsweremadeandthedynamiccharacteristicswerestudiedfortheexchangerandthedistillationcolumn.1)AspenMUSEwasusedtodesigntheLNGexchangerintheprocesstodetermineitssize,layerstackingpatternandtheinletandoutletarrangement.Basedontheresultsobtained,partitionedtheexchangerintoseveralzonestoachievethedynamicsimulationbyHYSYS,andthenanalyzedtheheattransmissioninsidetheexchanger.2)Equipmentparameterswereinputandthecontrolinstrumentswereinstalledforthedistillationcolumnandthenthedynamicsimulationforthedistillationcolumnwasconducted.Theproductsoutputandtheinsideparameterschangesalongwiththesurgesofthefeedratearestudiedtoevaluatetheavailabilityofthecontrolscheme.Finally,dynamicsimulationwasmadefortheairseparationprocessandthesystemstabilitywasstudiedwiththefeedrateandpressurefluctuations.KEYWORDS:airseparation,HYSYS,steadystatesimulation,dynamicsimulation,plate-finheatexchanger目录第一章绪论·····················································································11.1空气分离技术简介··································································11.2空分技术发展现状··································································31.2.1国外空分发展现状··························································31.2.2国内空分发展现状··························································31.3研究背景及意义·····································································41.3.1空分产品在工业中的应用·················································41.3.2空分装置流程模拟简介····················································51.4本文的主要工作和论文结构······················································7第二章氧-氮-氩三元物系的物性计算模型及软件简介································82.1立方型状态方程·····································································82.1.1标准PR方程·································································92.1.2HYSYSPR方程·····························································92.1.3PRSV方程····································································92.1.4PR-Twu方程·································································102.1.5混合规则······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本文标题：空分18000Nm3纯氮装置流程的稳态及动态模拟
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